Before the deposition on the Er:Al2O3 Lively materials, the coupling circuit, i.e., the strip waveguides, the manner transition tapers as well as the method converters were being coated that has a 800?nm thick layer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ, n?~one.forty five) to stop their coating Along with the Lively product, as shown in Fig. 1. The HSQ